January 31: The army declares itself allied to the protesters. What began as a protest by Mohamed Bouazizi – a fruit vendor who set himself on fire – the month before, sparked the period of unrest that unseated Ben Ali. A chronology of key events in the history of Bahrain from 1913 to the present day. December 7: A new government is sworn in by Kamal Ganzouri, who was appointed prime minister by the military rulers. January 28: After four days of protests and 25 deaths, Mubarak makes his first TV appearance, pledging his commitment to democracy. The news is followed by street celebrations. Crowds flee in panic. September 23: Saleh returns unexpectedly after three months of recovering in Saudi Arabia. September 25: Saleh calls for early elections in his first speech after returning to Yemen. March 28: Rebels advance on Sirte, Gaddafi’s home city, recapturing several towns without resistance on the way. December 17: Jobless graduate Bouazizi died after setting himself on fire when police refused to let him operate his cart. Arab Spring in Bahrain February 28, 2011 Bahraini security forces are aided by Saudi Arabian soldiers to successfully suppress Arab Spring protesters. June 16: Iran sends 4,000 troops to aid Syrian government forces. April 25: Tanks are deployed for the first time. February 13: The military rejects protesters’ demands for a swift transfer of power to a civilian administration. Arab Spring. Thousands mass in Tahrir (Liberation) Square in Cairo, chanting, "The people demand the removal of the regime.". October 5: Thousands protest hours after King Abdullah II dissolved Parliament and called early elections. Arab uprising: Country by country - Bahrain. March 15: Major unrest begins when protesters march in Damascus and Aleppo, demanding democratic reforms and the release of political prisoners. The generals announce two years of military rule followed by elections. Microsoft and partners may be compensated if you purchase something through recommended links in this article. March 14: Saudi Arabia deploys troops and armoured vehicles into Bahrain to help quell the unrest. Since then, the country has become increasingly politically polarized, and those who have dared to speak out about the tragic human rights situation in the country have been punished. On February 27, 2012, Ali Abdullah Saleh, who had ruled Yemen for 33 years, hands power to his deputy Abdrabuh Mansur Hadi, after a year of protests. December 5: Egyptians go to the polls once more in runoff elections for parliamentary seats as no party gained more than 50 percent of the votes. November 19: Celebrations as Gaddafi’s fugitive son Saif is arrested while attempting to flee to Niger. The spirit of the "Jasmine Revolution" soon spreads. January 14: Celebrations are witnessed in the capital to mark one year since the overthrow of Ben Ali. March 2016 It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in Tunisia. March 8: More than 2,000 inmates stage a revolt at a prison in the capital Sanaa and join calls by anti-government protesters for Saleh to step down. Jihadists carry out beheadings, mass executions, abductions, rape and ethnic cleansing of minorities. March 24: About 500 protesters set up camp in the main square in the capital Amman. March 18: The Pearl Monument – the focal point of the protest movement – is demolished. January 9: Eleven people die in clashes with security forces. Protesters set fire to cars in several Tunisian cities, while security forces respond violently. November 20:  All leading figures from the Gaddafi regime are killed, captured or driven into exile. The Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry concluded that the government had used systematic torture, psychological abuse, and committed other human rights violations in response to the 2011 uprising. He is the fourth leader to be undone by the Arab Spring -- this time through a negotiated transition under pressure from Gulf monarchies. Differences remain over the wording of a constitutional declaration. December 29: After 10 days of demonstrations, President Ben Ali appears on television promising action on job creation, declaring the law will be very firm on protesters. December 1: The political opposition and Saleh’s party agree to the makeup of an interim government. Ten years ago, protests swept across Arab nations that changed the course of history. April 16: The first truce in the battle of Aleppo is declared. January 16: Protests erupt in Benghazi after the arrest of human rights activists. Published 12 November 2018. (report linked below) Good Resources for Getting Started. On February 11, as more than a million take to the streets, Mubarak resigns and hands control to the military. “The Arab Spring”—a timeline Credits Text: PEN/Opp September 10 2014 Coined the “Arab Spring,” early 2011 was a challenging time of transition, anti-government movement, and political uprising for many countries in the Middle East and North Africa. March 1: An anti-government rally, called by seven opposition groups, sees tens of thousands of protesters taking part. April 11: The army overthrows President Omar al-Bashir, ending his 30 years in power. Al Jazeera takes a look at the turn of events that changed the course of history. As of April 2013, the Arab Spring is ongoing. January 25: The first coordinated demonstrations turn Cairo into a war zone as protesters demand the removal of President Hosni Mubarak. The uprising turns into civil war with French, British and US air forces intervening against Kadhafi. Protesters fear remnants of the old regime will stay in power. On January 25, thousands of Egyptians march in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities, demanding the departure of President Hosni Mubarak -- who has been in power for 30 years -- and "bread, freedom and dignity". The wave began when protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other Arab countries. Shia Muslims blamed for the protests and many are detained; reports of torture surface. November 21: The interim government bows to growing pressure as violence leaves 33 dead and more than 2,000 injured. Syria. Russia, who with Iran is Assad's biggest ally, starts air strikes against Syrian rebels on September 30, 2015, changing the course of the war. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a long-term process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. June 3: President Saleh survives an assassination attempt in which he is severely wounded. From the fall of old, authoritarian leaders to the repression of revolts, here are some key dates that make up what is known as the Arab Spring. He is the fourth leader to be undone by the Arab Spring -- this time through a negotiated transition under pressure from Gulf monarchies. September 25: King Abdullah announces cautious reforms, including the right for women to vote and stand for election from 2015. August 26: In its first Tripoli news conference, the National Transitional Council says its cabinet will move from Benghazi to the capital. June 4: Security forces kill at least 100 protesters in two days of bloodshed. Street celebrations turn into more demonstrations as hundreds of thousands demand handover to civilians. But their camp is stormed by riot police three days later, leaving three dead and scores wounded. Huffington Post website (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/12/16/arab-spring-timeline- US removes Vietnam, Switzerland from currency manipulator list, Dogecoin rally sends alt coin to $48bn market value, Oath Keeper pleads guilty, working with feds in Capitol riot case, UN Security Council approves ceasefire monitors for Libya, Raul Castro to step down as head of Cuba’s Communist party, The AstraZeneca jab and the price of fragmented decision-making, Duterte urged to confront Chinese ‘bullying’ in South China Sea, Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. March 18: The United Nations backs a no-fly zone. June 2: Former President Mubarak sentenced to life in prison by an Egyptian court. Three people are killed and more than 200 injured during the raid. November 30: The Muslim Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party looks on course to be the biggest winner after the first round of voting. Libya. April 25: Libyan government accuses NATO of trying to assassinate Gaddafi after two air raids in three days hit his premises in Tripoli. February 2:  Mubarak supporters stage a brutal bid to crush the Cairo uprising. THE ARAB SPRING - CHRONOLOGY . Tunisia. March 14: Putin announces the withdrawal of the majority of Russian troops from Syria, saying the intervention has largely achieved its objective. Bahrain’s mostly forgotten uprising of February 2011 marked the turning point in the so-called Arab Spring. Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the region’s entrenched authoritarian regimes. He calls for a truce after five days of violence in Sanaa in which 100 protesters are killed. October 7: Protests start again when former Prime Minister Ahmad Obeidat leads about 2,000 people in a march outside the Grand Husseini Mosque in central Amman. January 17: A man sets fire to himself next to the Parliament building in Cairo to protest the country’s economic conditions. He is the fourth leader to be undone by the Arab Spring -- this time through a negotiated transition under pressure from Gulf monarchies. Bahrain after the "Arab Spring" When mass protests demanding reform broke out on 14 February 2011, they were met with violence from the Bahraini security forces. The torture of the youths sparks mainly peaceful protests at first, and calls for democratic reform. March 19: Operation Odyssey Dawn begins, marking the biggest assault on an Arab government since the 2003 Iraq invasion. The country's leader Moamer Kadhafi vows to hunt down the "rats" opposing him "street by street, alley by alley, house by house".
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